The Life of Galileo and the Effects of his Findings on Faith

The Life of Galileo and the Effects of his Findings on Faith Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, February 18, 1564. At an early age, Galileo was interested in mathematics and the study of mechanics. His father, a onetime mathematician, pushed him towards the medical profession, which held much greater financial benefits. But the attempts of Galileo’s father were in vein as Galileo soon discovered the works of Archimedes and became extremely interested. Thus, his father reluctantly allowed the young Galileo to pursue the study of mathematics and science. Although many remember Galileo as an astronomer, his chief contributions to the world of knowledge were in the dynamic and mechanical fields of science. The first of his many†¦show more content†¦But these findings brought forth a great deal of controversy with the scholars of the day who would not accept findings contradictory to those of the great Aristotle. Under pressure, Galileo left Pisa and made his way to Florence where he held the chair of mathematics at the University of Padua for eighteen years. He was also appointed philosopher and mathematician to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. During this period, Galileo continued his study of mechanics and dynamics as found in nature. He continued to develop new theories through experimentation such as his experiments with inclined planes. Galileo hypothesized that a moving object will continue in a straight line forever without any pushes of pulls, as long as there is no interference. And through the use of the inclined pl anes, Galileo showed the speed of an object increases down a slope and decreases up the slope. Thus, he reasoned that an object on a horizontal plane would continue moving forever in the absence of friction. Furthermore, Galileo anticipated the laws of motion made famous by Newton. He gave the first entirely satisfactory demonstration of the laws of equilibrium and the principle of virtual velocity in statics. In hydrostatics, he founded the principle of floatation. And he also invented a thermoscope, which attempted to measure temperature through the contraction and expansion of gas. THE THERMOSCOPE But of all the findings and inventionsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Human Beings and Nature: The Scientific Revolution1689 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, and Rene Descartes, the Scientific Revolution proves to be a crucial piece to the puzzle of understanding the effects of humansà ­ interactions with the natural world. The changes produced during the Scientific Revolution were not rapid but developed slowly and in an experimental way. 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The American Of The British Empire - 1550 Words

In marked contrast to the monarchy and the dispute about the rights of succession and control over the Spanish Empire, the American colonies sought independence from the British monarchy and government. The Americans wanted a completely new government, without a King or any form of monarchy. While the Spanish crisis was one of leadership, connection to other empires, a desire to avoid partition. The American crisis in government came about through the actions of the King, and the colonists questioning the authority of the British Parliament to rule over them. The American colonies served an important role in the British Empire during the first half of the 1700’s. King George III ascended to the throne in 1760, and took control of the empire and its vast territories. The British Constitution provided for the monarchial rule, and two representative bodies – the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. None of the British colonies had representation in these houses, and this proved to be the issue with the American colonies. The colonies administration technically fell under the Privy Council and Secretary of State. Parliament made policy regarding the colonies, and defined the economic relationship between England and the colonies. Governors acted locally in the King’s name and enforced the laws. The colonies also had their own political institutions in the form of local assemblies, legislatures, and county, city and town governments. Most of the coloniesShow MoreRelatedThe American Of The British Empire1 041 Words   |  5 PagesIn the late half of the eighteenth century, the colonies of British North America were at a point in which they wanted more of their own identity and separation from Europe. Some of the colonists felt that way and others were quite content in continuing to live under Britain’s iron fist of legislation that they were imposing on the colonies. 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Tourism to Hong Kong Free Essays

string(118) " 1 shows that the USA, UK, Japan and Singapore are among the source markets that generate most tourists to Hong Kong\." 1. 0 Introduction Hong Kong is one of the most important tourism destinations in the Pacific Asia region for its unique landscape and shopping convenience. According to statistics, a total number of 41921310 people visited Hong Kong in 2011, that is 16. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism to Hong Kong or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4% more compared to 2010 (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012). Total tourism expenditure was 263142. 71 million HK dollars and shopping accounts for most of them because it is the main purpose for individual visitors (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012). Therefore, to sustain tourism prosperity while seeking development in the city, it is necessary to understand its unique geographical features and precisely examine the tourism trends. Meanwhile, analysing factors that have influenced tourism development will also contribute to the study. Besides, eco-tourism and climate issues are discussed as implications for the future. 2. 0 Findings 2. 1 Physical and human geography 2. 1. 1 Location Hong Kong is a mountainous citylocatednearShenzhen, China. There are four main areas in the city, including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, New territories and Outlying islands, and their area add up to 1100 square kilometres (CullinaneCullinane, 2003). For the reason of its unique landscape, approximately 40% of Hong Kong is built up as country parks (CullinaneCullinane, 2003). 2. 1. 2 Demography The city enjoys of a population of 6. 7 million, and it is growing at a rate of one million every ten years (CullinaneCullinane, 2003). 2. 1. 3 Political status For over 150 years before 1997, Hong Kong had been governed by the British administration, and it became a part of People’s Republic of Chinaonce again on July 1st, 1997 (CullinaneCullinane, 2003). This reunification has brought opportunities and enormous changes in Hong Kong. 2. 2 Pattern of tourism 2. 2. 1 Visitor arrivals Figure 1Visitor Arrivals 2007 – 2011 (‘000) Source: (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2008, 2010, 2012) Figure 1 shows the total number of visitors to Hong Kong in every single year from 2007 to 2011. Visitors are divided into three categories, including overnight visitors, same-day in-town visitors, and Cruise-in/Cruise-out Passengers. It is indicated in the figure that overnight visitors occupied most of the visitors. Table 1Visitor Arrivals Details by Country/Territory of Residence 2007 – 2011 (Overnight Visitors – ‘000) Source: (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012) Table 1 shows that Mainland China has the most visitors to Hong Kong in the past five years, with an annual growth rate of approximately 15%. Besides, Taiwan, Japan, the USA and South Korea are also generating a large number of tourists to Hong Kong, leading to tourism prosperity of the city. 2. 2. 2 Total tourism expenditure Figure 2Total Tourism Expenditure Associated to Inbound Tourism Source: (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012) Figure 2 shows total tourism expenditure from 2007 to 2011 and the line chart presents an increasing trend. The growth rate is rather high in 2010 and 2011 as a result of the tourist boom in those years. 2. 3 Factors that have influenced tourism in Hong Kong 2. 3. 1 Outbursts of infectious diseases In 2003, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) attacked the city of Hong Kong and led to the devastation of Hong Kong tourism. Originated in southern China, SARS was a mystery to the rest of the world until several people were infected in a hotel in Hong Kong and brought the disease back to their home country. Before understanding the danger and risk that would have been brought by SARS, the World Health Organization (WHO) made a recommendation to the world that Asia, especially areas of Hong Kong, Singapore, Mainland China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Taiwan, were not advisable destinations for tourism (McKercher Chon 2004; Kuo et al. 008). This unprecedented announcement caused significant panic in the world, tourists were quarantined for no reason after returning to their country, breeding industry was interrupted for disinfection on chicken farms, and Asians were restricted from traveling elsewhere. The mess finally led to the crackdown of tourism in Asia, with Hong Kong suffering the most (McKercher Chon 2004). This outburst of SARS uncovered huge hidden dangers in the world tourism system. The governments’ over-reaction tounclear threat was nothing but rational (Mao, Ding Lee 2010). The crisis was a lesson for the world on the relationship between tourism and crisis management, the government should act more judicious so that diseases could be effectively controlled and meanwhile, tourism does not suffer to a great extent. 2. 3. 2Construction of city infrastructure Since the accelerated development of infrastructure in Hong Kong in the 1990s, the number of tourists has experienced a continued increase (Poon, Yu Ng 2001). Tourist infrastructure mainly includes apartments or hotels for accommodation and transportation infrastructure, and the latter consists of facilities for planes, trains, ships and other modes of transportation (Gossling 2002; Khadaroo 2007, 2008). Researchers have found that the ability of a city to attract tourists is largely determined by the level of traffic infrastructure in the city (Khadaroo 2007), for the reason that rational city planningand well construction of ports could provide convenience for tourists, which leads to smooth trips. Successful travellers are willing to recommend their tourism destinations to their friends, and this will further lead to lasting prosperity of that destination. Although most facilities in Hong Kong are relatively complete, there remain some incompletion. An example is medical facilities needed for medical tourism. Hospitals in Hong Kong provide high level healthcare services, and the government attempts to boost medical tourism in the city (Heung, Kucukusta Song 2011). However, the lack of medical resources ends up to be the barrier which prevents tourists with medical needs from cutting edge technologies in Hong Kong. As a result, Hong Kong failed to build its reputation as a medical tourism destination. 2. 3. 3 Outbreaks of financial crises Hong Kong has experienced two major financial crises during past two decades, the Asian financial crisis burst out in 1997 and the world financial crisis in 2008 (Song Lin 2010). This report mainly focuses on consequences that were brought to tourism in Hong Kong by the latter crisis. Table 1 shows that the USA, UK, Japan and Singapore are among the source markets that generate most tourists to Hong Kong. You read "Tourism to Hong Kong" in category "Papers" The high market share of long-haul markets indicates that Hong Kong tourism is vulnerable to world economy and thus would be negatively influenced if something went wrong. In 2008, tourists from long-haul markets such as the USA and European countries declined by 10% and hotel rooms were less occupied than ever before (Song et al. 2011). If the tourists increasing rate before the crisis is taken into consideration, conclusions could be drawn that the financial crisis really affected tourism in Hong Kong to a great extent. Fortunately, tourists from Mainland China were not greatly influenced by this enormous crisis and visitors continued to travel to Hong Kong. This prevented the city from tremendous losses. Nevertheless, the overall expenditures dropped in 2009 which leads to the conclusion that financial crises could impose great threats to tourism in Hong Kong (Song Lin 2010). 2. 3. 4 Adjustments of policies towards Mainland China After introducing the Individual Visit Scheme on July 28, 2003, citizens of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdongare allowed to apply for visas and visit Hong Kong on anindividual basis (Wu, Li Song 2012). The scheme was implemented forthe acceleration of tourism development in two special administrative regions in China, and it is successful according to statistical results. Statistics show that the number of tourists from the source market of Mainland China increased by 24% in 2003 compared to that of 2002, and most of the growth was contributed by individual visitors (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012). As a matter of fact, thousands of Mainlanders have boosted into Hong Kong for the purpose of shopping and Hong Kong has become the paradise for shopping in the eyes of Mainlanders ever since (Wu, Li Song 2012). In order to guarantee long-term prosperity of businesses, merchants targeting Mainlanders have made adjustments regarding to shopping customs of Chinese consumers and the crucial point of the efforts is to create an atmosphere of mutual trust and cooperation (Wu, Li Song 2012). Since tourists from Mainland China occupy approximately 60% of total tourists every year, it is important that policies towards Mainland China remain mild in the coming years to sustain tourism prosperity in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012). 2. 4 Implications for the future of tourism 2. 4. Sustainable tourism practices Experience has shown that it is almost impossible to develop tourism while maintaining a clean environment at the same time. However, people have been making efforts to seek some extent of harmony and unity between the two. Hong Kong is a perfect city for the development of eco-tourism for it has a spectacular landscape, including mountains, valleys, coasts and islands (Ng Li 2000). H ong Kong government has been successful protecting the city’s natural resources, it had the highest percentage of the park area in the worldin 2000 (Ng Li 2000). Besides, Hong Kong enjoys a large variety of both animal and plant species, some of which cannot be found elsewhere in the world (Ng Li 2000). Enchanting as the scenery is in Hong Kong, eco-tourism is not a main form of tourism there. The following factors may account for this result. First of all, Hong Kong is in the sub-tropical zone, and the typical summer is so hot that people will feel uncomfortable to visit popular attractions (Ng Li 2000). Second of all, eco-tourism destinations are usually sensitive to the number of visitors, thus, they normally have a low capacity (Ng Li 2000). Rational management regulations should be made to balance tourism satisfaction and the necessary visitor limitationneeded for scenic spots. Finally, more experts in guidance have to be trained to provide information of spots (Ng Li 2000). It seems that there is still a long way to go before eventually launching a successful eco-tourism plan in Hong Kong. 2. 4. 2 Climate change How climate change will affect the pattern of tourism has long been studied. Studies have shown that as climate change will either directly or indirectly influence tourism (Chan Lai 2012). One of the main results of climate change is the rise in temperature. According to statistics, Hong Kong’s temperature has been surging during the past 15 years, and it is almost 5 degrees Celsius higher than 10 years ago (Chan Lai 2012). The high temperature will definitely bring uncomforting experiences to tourists,. Thus, it is likely that potential visitors will change their destinations elsewhere. Besides, although some tourists might not consider the temperature increase itself as a crucial factor in determining their destinations, the change due to this phenomenon, such as increased travel expenses, will affect tourism ehaviour to a great extent (Chan Lai 2012). While efforts have been made towards lowering the speed of temperature increase, the results turn out not assuring. Although climate change does not affect tourism in Hong Kong as much as that in tourism-oriented island cities, people should deal will this issue seriously before it is too late. 3. 0 Conclusion In conclusion, although Hong Kong has been through some hard times, the city remains potential as a tourism destination. This report discusses the city of Hong Kong from tourism aspect. As an important city in the Pacific Asia region, Hong Kong has enjoyed a fine reputation among tourists. Its unique landscape and special location have attracted and are still attracting visitors in large scales. During the past two decades, several financial crises have imposed danger on tourism in the city to a great extent, but a few policy adjustments, especially the policy of opening up to Mainland China individual visitors, saved the industry from collapsing. Eco-tourism could be further developed to balance economic development and environment protection, but several issues need to be solved before concrete implementation. Climate change is also a challenge that needs early planning, thus, effective efforts demand immediate attention. ? References Chan, GKY Lai, MTH 2012, Understanding Climate Change, Carbon-offsetting and their Impacts on Travel Behaviour, viewed 24 November 2012, . Cullinane, S , K 2003, ‘Hong Kong City Profile’, Cities, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 279-288. Gossling, S 2002, ‘Global environmental consequences of tourism’, Global Environmental Change, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 283-302. Heung, Vincent CS , Kucukusta, D Song, H 2011, ‘Medical tourism development in Hong Kong: An assessment of the barriers’, Tourism Management, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 995–1005. Hong Kong Tourism Board 2008, A Statistical Review of Hong Kong Tourism 2007, viewed 21 November 2008, ; http://partnernet. hktb. com/filemanager/publication/143330/Default. html;. Hong Kong Tourism Board 2010, A Statistical Review of Hong Kong Tourism 2009, viewed 21 November 2010, ; http://partnernet. ktb. com/filemanager/publication/143332/Default. html;. Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012, A Statistical Review of Hong Kong Tourism 2011, viewed 21 November 2012, . Khadaroo, J , B 2007, ‘Transport infrastructure and tourism development’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 1021–1032. Kuo, HI, Chen, CC, Tseng, WC, Ju, LF Huang, BW 2 008, ‘Assessing impacts of SARS and Avian Flu on international tourism demand to Asia Original Research Article’, Tourism Management, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 917-928. Mao, CK, Ding, CG Lee, HY 2010, ‘Post-SARS tourist arrival recovery patterns: An analysis based on a catastrophe theory Original Research Article’, Tourism Management, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 855-861. McKercher, B Chon, K 2004, ‘The Over-Reaction to SARS and the Collapse of Asian Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 716–719. Ng, CN Li, Y 2000, Eco-tourism in Hong Kong: its potentials and limitations, Kiskeya Alternative, viewed 23 November 2012, . Poon, CS, Yu, ATW Ng, LH 2001,‘On-site sorting of construction and demolition waste in Hong Kong’, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 157–172. Song, H, Lin, S 2010, ‘Impacts of the Financial and Economic Crisis on Tourism in Asia’, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 16-30. Song, H, Lin, S, Witt, SF Zhang, X 2011, ‘Impact of financial/economic crisis on demand for hotel rooms in Hong Kong’, Tourism Manageme nt, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 172–186. Wu, DC, Li, G Song, H 2012, ‘Economic Analysis of Tourism Consumption Dynamics: A Time-varying Parameter Demand System Approach’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 667–685. How to cite Tourism to Hong Kong, Papers

Environmental Responsibility Usage of Oil Company-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Oil Companies Environmental Responsibility Usage. Answer: The oil industry has been an excessively large industry, which contributes to over 40% of the energy demands of the US. This kind of energy has been considered as one of the contributors who have immense impact over the environment (Ihlen and Roper 2014 pp-42-51). The paper will intend to focus on the ways oil spills namely ExxonMobil, Shell and Chevron Corporation have implemented environmental accountabilities as a form of competitive advantage. ExxonMobil, an American petroleum company has been immensely committed towards the sustainable growth by balancing the economic development as well as environmental safeguard for its upcoming generations. The companys corporate citizenship has been structured in order to provide to the wider range of sustainability purposes of the society in order to gain competitive advantages (Schneider et al. 2013 pp-6). The company believes in the need and demands to conserve water, which is regarded as a significant element. It has initiated approaches such as Nobody Gets Hurts that has articulated value and importance which further established the organizations concern as well as commitment towards the communities with which they deal with. The company has further facilitated in decreasing its rate by over 10% of freshwater consumption between 2007 and 2014 (Uliasz-Misiak, Przybycin and Winid 2014 pp-68-77). Another significant approach initiated by ExxonMobil has been the Operations Integrity Management System (OIMS) that has effectively established a common outline in order to address safety, protection, health and other environmental as well as social risks and challenges. Shell Oil Company that is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Royal Dutch Shell has intended to accomplish the recent energy demand and requirement in a sustainable manner through safe and protective operations, further reducing the influence on the environment as well as the distribution and allocated advantages with the communities they work in (Ihlen and Roper 2014 pp-42-51). The company has been engaged in a movement that seeks to lower-carbon energy consumption in its future endeavours. Shell has administered direct GHG emissions by performing on the enhancing the energy effectiveness of the facilities (Shuen, Feiler and Teece 2014 pp- 5-13). It further has accessibility to the water resources in the areas of its operations and administers competences the ways it facilitates in the reduction of water usage. The report delivered by the organization offers regular data to the Carbon Disclosure Project and other organization that evaluated the economic, environmental as well as social performance of the companies. Chevron, an American oil and gas corporation has based its strategy on the companys vision and aim to be regarded as the international energy consumption organization for its people, affiliation and performance. The organizations CSR activities mentions in particular three fundamental values namely partnership, diversity and safeguarding its people and the environment. Chevron has successfully incorporated its CSR activities by making it one of its 13 chief elements in its Operational Excellence Management System (Allen 2016 pp-1-19). The company has facilitated its business operations to focus on the social as well as environmental impact of the business decisions and operations of the company in order to improve its competitive advantages within the oil industry. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that unique and innovative approach towards sustainability and effective allocation of social and environmental projects have facilitated the oil companies to implement environmental responsibilities and accountabilities as a competitive advantage to the oil spill industry. References Allen, M., 2016. Sustainability and Communication. InStrategic Communication for Sustainable Organizations(pp. 1-19). Springer, Cham. Ihlen, . and Roper, J., 2014. Corporate reports on sustainability and sustainable development:We have arrived.Sustainable development,22(1), pp.42-51. Schneider, J., Ghettas, S., Merdaci, N., Brown, M., Martyniuk, J., Alshehri, W. and Trojan, A., 2013. Towards sustainability in the oil and gas sector: benchmarking of environmental, health, and safety efforts.Journal of Environmental Sustainability,3(3), p.6. Shuen, A., Feiler, P.F. and Teece, D.J., 2014. Dynamic capabilities in the upstream oil and gas sector: Managing next generation competition.Energy Strategy Reviews,3, pp.5-13. Uliasz-Misiak, B., Przybycin, A. and Winid, B., 2014. Shale and tight gas in Polandlegal and environmental issues.Energy Policy,65, pp.68-77.